Microsoft chief Brad Smith issued a warning over the weekend that killer robots are'unstoppable' and a new digital Geneva Convention is required. Most sci-fi fans will think of Terminator when they hear of killer robots. In the classic film series, a rogue military AI called Skynet gained self-awareness after spreading to millions of servers around the world. Concluding that humans would attempt to shut it down, Skynet sought to exterminate all of mankind in the interest of self-preservation. While it was once just a popcorn flick, Terminator now offers a dire warning of what could be if precautions are not taken.

To appreciate the perversity of our reliance on US technology giants, you just need to grapple with the fact that one of the likely winners in the global "cyber-outage" – caused by the series of crippling cyber-attacks that hit public and private institutions worldwide a week ago – might be the very company whose software was compromised – Microsoft. The WannaCry ransomware used in the attack wreaked havoc on organisations including FedEx and Telefónica, as well as the NHS, where operations were cancelled, x-rays, test results and patient records became unavailable and phones did not work. In the end the global spread of the attack was halted by an "accidental hero", a 22-year-old IT security blogger from Ilfracombe, Devon. Marcus Hutchins found and inadvertently activated a "kill switch" in the malware by registering a specific domain name hidden within the program. But even before the recent WannaCry ransomware attacks, Microsoft – always seeking to deflate any responsibility for the flaws in its products – had been advocating the establishment of the digital equivalent of Geneva conventions that would protect civilians from cyber-attacks launched by nation states.